美洲玻利维亚 奥鲁罗狂欢节 The Carnival of Oruro2008年
奥鲁罗位于玻利维亚西部山区，海拔3700米，哥伦布发现新以前，这里曾是一个举行宗教仪式的重要地点。1606年，西班牙人重建奥鲁罗，它依旧是乌鲁人的一块圣土，有些乌鲁人长途跋涉，来此参加典礼，每逢“伊托”大节，更是如此。到了17世纪，西班牙人加以禁止，但它在教礼拜仪式的遮掩下照样持续不断。乌鲁人把安第斯神祗藏在教圣徒的画像底下，于是安第斯诸神变成了圣徒。 “伊托”节披上了教仪式的外衣，每年借用2月2日圣烛节的这一天开展庆祝活动。传统的舞蹈“拉马拉马”或“迪亚布拉达”变成奥鲁罗狂欢节的主要舞蹈。现在，该节每年在四旬斋前举行一次，持续10天。它是民间艺术的荟萃，包括面具、纺织品和刺绣等工艺。狂欢节的主要活动是“安特拉达”大，融合了教元素和从中世纪而来的神秘剧元素。舞蹈队伍绵延四公里长，不间断地表演20个小时。队伍共有28000多位舞蹈者和10000多位乐手。Orulo, located in the mountains of western Bolivia and 3,700 meters above sea level, was an important place for religious ceremonies before Columbus discovered the new world. In 1606, the Spanish rebuilt oruro, which was still a sacred land for the uru, and some of the uru traveled long distances to attend ceremonies, especially during the festival of ITO. In the 17th century, the Spanish banned it, but it continued under the cover of Christian liturgies. The uru hid Andean gods under the pictures of Christian saints, and the Andean gods became Christian saints. The festival of ITO takes on the guise of a Christian rite and borrows the day of candlemas on February 2 to celebrate each year. The traditional dance ramallah or diabrada became the main dance of the oruro carnival. Today, the festival is held annually before lent for 10 days. It is a collection of folk arts, including masks, textiles and embroidery. The main event of the carnival is the antrada parade, which combines Christian elements with medieval mystical drama elements. The dance team stretched for four kilometers and performed for 20 hours without interruption. The parade featured more than 28,000 dancers and 10,000 musicians.
